Grandparents Raising Grandchildren need Specialized Estate Planning

October 28, 2024

Grandparents raising grandchildren need specialized estate planning. Navigating these issues can feel overwhelming. A skilled lawyer can help you understand your estate planning options and secure your grandchild’s future.

According to AARP, grandparents responsible for their grandchildren must often establish a legal relationship to care for them fully. Without this, you may face difficulties enrolling them in school, getting medical care, or making important decisions on their behalf. Here are the primary options to consider:

Guardianship: This legal arrangement allows grandparents to decide about their grandchildren’s health, education and welfare. However, it is important to note that guardianship doesn’t always sever legal parenthood and may leave the biological parents with some authority.
Grandparent Power of Attorney: A power of attorney (POA) for grandparents is much more flexible than guardianship. This makes it suitable as a temporary solution. It confers the power to make decisions, such as enrolling a child in school or seeking medical treatment.
Adoption: Adoption is the most permanent option, since it legally transfers all parental rights to the grandparents. Once completed, all legal rights to the child transfer from the biological parents to you.

Each of these legal tools comes with specific responsibilities and levels of authority. Therefore, it’s crucial to consult with an estate planning attorney to choose the best path for your family.

In some states, consent laws allow you to enroll a child in school or access medical care without a formal legal relationship. These laws allow caregivers to sign an affidavit confirming they are the primary caregiver, which may be enough to get the child’s medical services or educational enrollment. However, these laws vary by state, so you must check the rules in your area or consult an attorney.

Many grandparents worry about the financial burden of raising grandchildren, especially without formal legal arrangements. Public benefits are fortunately available for children that don’t require grandparents to have custody or guardianship. Programs such as Social Security benefits, child support, or foster care payments can help ease the financial strain. Your income may sometimes not even be counted when determining the child’s eligibility for assistance.

An article from the Chillicothe Gazette discusses an interview with Southeastern Ohio Legal Services attorney Sierra Cooper, where she covered adoption by grandparents. Among other topics, Sierra discussed how the power of attorney or caretaker authorization could provide a quicker route to gaining legal rights.

Sierra also discussed guardianship and adoption as complex but more permanent options. While the process can be challenging, legal tools are available to provide simple, short-term answers as well as enduring solutions.

Estate planning goes beyond simply caring for your grandchild while you’re alive. A solid estate plan will make all the difference if something happens to you. You can outline a guardian and backup guardian to take over raising them or establish a trust to manage their inheritance.

Grandparents may also want to consider durable powers of attorney and advance healthcare directives for themselves. These documents outline your wishes in case of an emergency.

If you are a grandparent raising grandchildren. or anticipate that you may need to take on this role, it’s essential to have specialized estate planning in place. By acting now, you can protect your grandchildren’s future and ensure that they have the support they need. If you would like to learn more about planning for grandparents, please visit our previous posts.

References: AARP (Aug. 11, 2011) “Raising Grandkids: Legal Issues” and Chillicothe Gazette (Oct. 8, 2018) “Need to help care for grandchildren? Here’s some legal tips”

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Important Steps to take After the Passing of a Spouse

October 9, 2024

The passing of a spouse is one of life’s most stressful events, topping the list of most mental health checklists for anxiety-creating experiences. There are important steps to take after the passing of a spouse. It’s important to build in answers to “what if’s” into an estate plan, advises a recent article from The Penny Hoarder, “How to Change Your Estate Plan After Your Spouse Dies.”

It’s easy to procrastinate estate planning. However, even if you have a will, as 1.3 million Americans do, you’re not finished. Regular updates of your estate plan to reflect new circumstances are necessary, especially upon the death of a spouse. It’s complicated to do this when grief is fresh. However, it becomes manageable by taking this task one step at a time.

Married couples typically create their estate plans together, with the understanding of one spouse outliving the other. Being realistic about who is likely to die first sounds a bit morbid. However, it should be taken into consideration. Males tend to have shorter lifespans, while people who live with chronic conditions, like diabetes, heart disease, or cancer, should keep the impact of their conditions in mind when making plans for the distant or not-so-distant future.

Powers of Attorney should be updated every few years. This is the person chosen to handle financial and legal affairs in case of incapacity. In most cases, this is assigned to a spouse, so it should be updated soon after the spouse passes. The power of attorney does not have to be an adult child but should be trusted, organized, and financially savvy.

Another document to be updated is the Healthcare Proxy, sometimes called a Medical Power of Attorney. An adult child living nearby, a trusted friend, or another relative needs to be named and the document executed in case you should become incapacitated. This way, someone can act on your behalf without going to court to obtain guardianship.

Wills and trusts need to be updated. With your spouse’s passing, your estate may now be vulnerable to estate taxes on the state and federal levels. Who do you want to inherit your property from, and what’s the best way to pass assets on to the next generation? An experienced estate planning attorney will be needed to make this happen most efficiently and expeditiously.

After a spouse passes, you’ll also want to review beneficiaries on life insurance, retirement accounts and any accounts with a named beneficiary. If these documents have contingency beneficiaries who receive the assets, you’ll be in good shape if the primary beneficiary has died. However, do you know for sure the accounts are structured this way? Reviewing all these accounts is surely a good idea.

It may be time for the estate to include a trust. The most significant change occurring when a spouse dies is the surviving spouse is now legally considered single. All states have laws about how much assets may be owned to qualify for Medicaid. This number is dramatically lower for a single person than for a married couple. The surviving spouse may need to put their assets into a trust to exempt some assets that would otherwise need to be spent down before qualifying for Medicaid.

This is also the time to review end-of-life documents, including a Living Will and other medical directives.

There’s no way to make the loss of a spouse easy. However, these important steps to take after the passing of a spouse will provide some peace of mind. If you would like to learn more about planning for surviving spouses, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: The Penny Hoarder (Sep. 5, 2024) “How to Change Your Estate Plan After Your Spouse Dies”

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Uncovering a Life Insurance Policy for a Deceased Loved One

September 5, 2024

Losing a loved one is challenging, and managing their financial affairs can add to the burden. Amidst the grief and emotional turmoil, you also need to learn if your deceased parent or spouse had a life insurance policy. Uncovering a life insurance policy for a deceased loved one can provide valuable financial support, settling debts and funeral expenses in this difficult time. While the process can be daunting, a skilled estate planning attorney can help you get started.

A life insurance policy can sometimes go unclaimed, if the insurance company isn’t aware that the policyholder has passed away or can’t find the beneficiaries. This can make the process of claiming insurance more challenging. However, you just need to know where to start looking for the policy.

According to USA Today, the first place to look is through your loved one’s personal files and documents. Some common places where you might find life insurance policy documentation include safe deposit boxes at banks or bank statements that include premium payments. At home, search filing cabinets, desk drawers and incoming or outgoing mail that may include correspondence from the insurance company or a life insurance agent.

If you can’t find the policy documentation, consider reaching out to professionals who may have helped your parents or spouse with their financial or legal matters. These professionals might include financial advisors, estate planners and lawyers. You can also check with insurance companies where your parents had other policies, such as homeowners or auto insurance.

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) offers an online life insurance policy locator service. By submitting a request, you can have participating insurance companies search their records for policies in your parent or spouse’s name. You’ll need to provide some basic information, such as the deceased’s full name, Social Security number, date of birth, date of death and your relationship to them.

If you’re still having trouble locating a policy, private search services are available for a fee. These services will contact insurance companies on your behalf to find out if your loved one had any policies.

Once you locate a policy, the next step is to determine if you’re the beneficiary. You’ll need to contact the life insurance company directly. If you are listed as a beneficiary, the insurer will likely ask for proof of your identity, such as your driver’s license or Social Security number.

When you’re ready to file a claim, you’ll need to provide the insurance company with specific information, including the insured’s full name (including their maiden name, if applicable), the insured’s Social Security number, the insured’s death certificate and proof of your identity and relationship to the policyholder.

Some companies allow you to file claims online, while others may require contacting them directly.

There are two main types of life insurance policies: term life insurance and permanent life insurance. Term life insurance provides coverage for a set period. The beneficiaries receive the death benefit if the policyholder dies within this term. Permanent life insurance offers lifelong coverage if the premiums are paid. This includes whole life insurance, variable life insurance and universal life insurance.

Uncovering a life insurance policy for a deceased loved one can provide financial relief during a difficult time. If you need help navigating this process, the death of a loved one, or want to ensure that your own affairs are in order, consider reaching out to an experienced probate and trust administration attorney. If you would like to learn more about the role of life insurance in estate planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: USAToday (Sep. 21, 2023) “How To Find Life Insurance Policies of a Deceased Parent”

Choosing an Executor can be a Difficult Decision

September 13, 2023

Choosing an executor can be a difficult decision. Planning for death-related events isn’t as much fun as planning a weekend getaway. Therefore, you’d be forgiven for procrastinating. However, that doesn’t mean you can put off naming an executor forever, says a recent article from AARP, “7 Things to Know About Appointing an Executor.”

Your executor needs to possess the stamina, patience, and persistence to complete the tasks of this role. If they don’t, having your estate administered may become difficult or impossible. Serving as an executor can be harder than people think. Problems begin when someone names a family member just because they are family—which is not the best reason.

It’s best to name someone rather than no one, advises the article. You can always change the executor if they decide they don’t want the responsibility or die before you. If you don’t name anyone, the court will decide for you, It may not be someone you know or the last person you want to handle your estate.

Things can get even more complicated if you don’t leave clear instructions, including where to find your important documents, the keys to your home and car and usernames and passwords to various digital assets. Instead of making everything harder for the ones you love, it’s best to make it easier.

There are seven main tasks for the executor to complete. The first is planning the funeral. You can make that easier by expressing your wishes to your executor and leaving the information in documents. Don’t add it to your will—the executor may not see the will until long after you’ve been buried or cremated.

The executor must obtain a death certificate, find the will and retain an estate planning attorney. The death certificate is issued by your county of residence and is signed by the physician who verified your death. If you’ve had a valid will prepared, your property will be distributed according to the terms of the will. Assets in trusts or accounts with beneficiary designations will go directly to your heirs. Everyone should review their beneficiary designations regularly and update as needed. The beneficiary designations surpass any wishes in the will.

Notify the probate court. Your executor or attorney will need to petition the probate court in the area where you live. They’ll complete a form to obtain a Letter of Administration or Letters Testamentary. These are used to prove that they are the court-approved executor.

Inform all interested parties. Deaths must be reported to employers, Social Security, friends, and family members. Anyone who might have an “interest” in the estate needs to be notified. In some jurisdictions, this requires publishing a death notice in the local paper several times shortly after the person has passed. Banks and other financial institutions also need to be notified.

Pay all debts and file taxes. If applicable, the executor must settle all obligations with creditors and file income, inheritance, or estate taxes.

Create an inventory of assets and plan for distribution. This includes probate and non-probate assets. This includes assets that are jointly owned or held in trust. Next, the executor determines what is sold, kept, donated, or discarded.

Distribute assets among beneficiaries. This occurs only after any estate liabilities, including taxes and paying creditors, are settled.

Complete the final accounting and all required forms. Your executor must dissolve existing accounts and ensure that the court has everything needed to settle your estate.

Your will helps your loved ones navigate the process of settling your estate. Include clear instructions in a letter of intent, so they know what accounts they must deal with. Above all, make sure that the person you name to serve as executor can handle the tasks and the family dynamics accompanying grief.

Choosing an executor can be a difficult decision to make. Consult with your estate planning attorney. He or she will have the experience and expertise to help you make an important decision. If you would like to learn more about the role of the executor, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: AARP (Aug. 8, 2023) “7 Things to Know About Appointing an Executor”

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Finding a Missing Heir can be Challenging

August 17, 2023

If someone dies without leaving a will or naming beneficiaries, a probate judge will likely consider the next of kin the heir. Known as intestate succession, this doesn’t prevent family members who aren’t blood relatives from receiving much of the estate. Finding a missing heir can be challenging. That’s why it’s important to locate family members easily after death.

Next Avenue’s recent article, “Where’s Your Heir?” says that in some states, such as Florida, companies can help with an “heir search.” Using the information available to identify the heir, these companies do the due diligence on behalf of the executor or personal representative to locate the heirs and distribute the property or inheritance according to the (deceased benefactor’s) wishes.

Finding someone can require searching a proprietary database or looking at genealogy websites. One company helped find a missing sibling who was homeless and hadn’t been in contact with his family for more than ten years.

In another case, a mother of four children was discovered to be an adoptee only after her death. Further research found that the adoptee’s birth mother had purchased Certificates of Deposit in their names as an inheritance.

To support its networks of genealogical researchers, private investigators, and other agents across the country, these companies charge to find missing heirs.

The heir often pays the fee, ranging from 20% to 30% of the full inheritance amount.

Note that legitimate heir hunters will provide their licenses and other credentials when they first make contact. They won’t ask potential heirs to pay money before they have their inheritance. The arrangement should be a contingency where they get paid once the heir has received their inheritance.

Finding a missing heir can be challenging for an executor. With this in mind, when creating a will, an experienced estate planning attorney will have the creator of the will be as specific as possible in naming heirs or recipients of the estate.

It’s crucial to use the full legal name of each heir. Another best practice is to include the heirs’ dates of birth on documents, especially when heirs have a common name. If you would like to learn more about probate, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Next Avenue (July 3, 2023) “Where’s Your Heir?”

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Checklist Helps Put Affairs in Order

August 15, 2023

As the Baby Boomer generation ages, so too come the very real conversations around end-of-life planning. It can be a daunting and emotionally difficult subject. A checklist helps put your affairs in order and provides you and your loved ones with some peace of mind. National Institute on Aging’s recent article, “Getting Your Affairs in Order Checklist: Documents to Prepare for the Future,” has some steps to consider when getting your affairs in order.

Plan for your estate and finances. Common documents include a will and a power of attorney. A will states how your property, money and other assets will be distributed and managed when you die. A power of attorney for finances names someone who will make financial decisions for you when you are unable.
Plan for your future health care. Many people choose to prepare advance directives, which are legal documents that provide instructions for medical care and only go into effect if you can’t communicate your wishes due to disease or severe injury. A living will tells doctors how you want to be treated if you can’t make your own decisions about emergency treatment. A power of attorney for health care names your health care proxy. This individual can make health care decisions for you if you cannot communicate these yourself.
Put your important papers and copies of legal documents in one place. You can set up a file, put everything in a desk or dresser drawer, or list the information and location of papers in a notebook. Consider getting a fireproof and waterproof safe to store your documents for added security.
Tell someone you know and trust the location of your important papers. Someone you trust should know where to find your documents in case of an emergency.
Talk to your family and physician about advance care planning. A doctor can help you understand future health decisions and plan the kinds of care or treatment you may want. Discussing this with your doctor is free through Medicare during your annual wellness visit, and private health insurance may also cover this. Share your decisions with your loved ones to help avoid any surprises about your wishes.
Give permission in advance to discuss your condition with your caregiver. You can give your caregiver permission to talk with your doctor, lawyer, insurance provider, credit card company, or bank. This is different from naming a health care proxy. A health care proxy can only make decisions if you cannot communicate them.
Review your plans regularly. Look over your plans at least once yearly and when any major life event occurs, like a divorce, move, or major change in your health.

A checklist helps put your affairs in order and gives you and your loved ones a roadmap to address any changes or issues that come up in the future. If you would like to learn more about end-of-life planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: National Institute on Aging (July 25, 2023) “Getting Your Affairs in Order Checklist: Documents to Prepare for the Future”

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Irrevocable Funeral Trust helps Families with expenses

August 14, 2023

Yahoo Finance’s recent article, “Pros and Cons of an Irrevocable Funeral Trust,” explains that an irrevocable funeral trust is a legal entity that helps families with end-of-life costs, such as funeral and burial expenses.

With this trust, you’re establishing a formal trust fund, a separate legal entity that owns the money you contributed to it. The purpose is to hold your money until you die. It then releases the funds to pay for your funeral, burial and other end-of-life expenses.

As with all trust funds, the trust has a trustee who manages its money. Here, the trustee is determined by an insurance company or funeral services company through which you set up the trust. It will usually hold as its single asset a life insurance policy that you’ve purchased.

The trust fund owns this life insurance policy and is named as the sole beneficiary. When you die, the fund collects the policy’s payment and uses this money to pay for your end-of-life costs.

A funeral trust may also name a specific funeral home as the trust’s beneficiary. For example, a given funeral home may agree to a fixed price for a funeral and burial.

When you die, the trust pays out its funds to the funeral home to cover the costs of your funeral, burial and any associated services.

As with most trusts, you can establish both revocable and irrevocable funeral trusts.

With a revocable funeral trust, you maintain ownership and control of the money and can withdraw it anytime.

However, with an irrevocable funeral trust, you no longer own the money, so you can’t withdraw it.

While an irrevocable funeral trust helps families pay for potentially expensive end-of-life expenses, it locks up your money for good and can’t be amended. If you would like to learn more about funeral planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Yahoo Finance (April 29, 2023) “Pros and Cons of an Irrevocable Funeral Trust”

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There are Burial Benefits Available to Veterans

March 28, 2023

There are burial benefits available to veterans through the VA. Only about one in five veterans who died last year were buried free of charge in department or state-run veteran cemeteries. Less than half of individuals eligible for some type of burial or gravesite financial assistance took advantage of the benefit, says Military Times’ recent article entitled, “VA officials work to raise awareness of cemetery, burial services.”

“I want even more veterans and family members to know about and take advantage of the final benefits a veteran earns for their service,” said Matthew Quinn, undersecretary for memorial affairs at the National Cemetery Administration.

“They have the option to choose VA for their final wishes. And we will take care of them and their loved ones in a manner that mirrors their own dedicated service and devotion to our nation, in perpetuity.”

NCA officials are trying to emphasize VA burial services as the U.S. nears the 50th anniversary of the agency assuming control of national veterans cemeteries. There are now 155 such resting places managed by VA and another 121 funded by the department. However, the use of the burial benefits lags behind other well-known VA support services.

Quinn said several factors cause the low usage rate for burial services, including “family wishes” that multiple individuals be interred in the same plot. Only spouses and certain other dependents can be buried with a headstone alongside a veteran in a national cemetery.

However, other assistance — such as free headstones for veterans being interred at private cemeteries and free medallions for existing headstones to denote the deceased individual’s veteran status — are often overlooked because family members and funeral homes aren’t familiar with the benefits.

VA provided about 350,000 headstones for veterans’ graves last year, and another 12,000 medallions.

Quinn said while vets don’t have to use the services, those interested should consider applying before any of the services are needed to ensure they have the options ready.

“Applying for eligibility prior to the veteran’s death ensures that necessary service records are in order, so grieving family members do not have to search for military discharge papers while they are already under great stress,” he said. There are burial benefits available to veterans and your estate planning attorney can help you get the most out of these benefits as a part of your overall planning. If you would like to learn more about burial and funeral planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Military Times (Jan. 24, 2023) “VA officials work to raise awareness of cemetery, burial services”

Burial Insurance can give you Peace of Mind

July 28, 2022

Burial insurance can give you peace of mind when you are already emotionally fragile after the death of a loved one. Burial insurance—also called end-of-life insurance, final expense, or funeral insurance—is a whole life insurance policy that’s designed to pay for the costs of your burial. These costs may include a memorial service, cremation costs, a headstone for your grave or other expenses associated with end-of-life arrangements.

Bankrate’s recent article entitled “Burial insurance” explains that if you have your affairs in order, your family already knows what will happen when you die. You may have given instructions for how you’d like your body to be treated, as well as ideas for your memorial service or what you want written on a tombstone.

However, all of these things cost money. If you don’t want your family to be stuck paying those costs, you may want to consider a burial policy.

Because the payout for burial insurance is small compared to many regular life insurance policies, the premiums can also be quite affordable. The policies are easy to purchase and don’t require a medical exam. However, there may be a waiting period and the policy may offer only limited benefits in the first two years.

Burial insurance policies cover all the normal costs incurred by someone’s death, such as:

Embalming
Memorial Service
A casket
Flowers
Cremation costs
A burial plot
The cost of transporting the body and/or remains
A headstone; and
Payment to clergy.

One type of burial policy, called a guaranteed issue life insurance policy, is available without any medical or health questions. It’s designed for those who are seriously ill and can’t get a policy any other way.

If all the appropriate arrangements have been made, the process of filing a burial insurance claim should be fairly smooth. Allow burial insurance to give you that peace of mind at an extremely difficult time. If you would like to read more about funeral expenses, and other issues related to probate, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Bankrate (March 5, 2021) “Burial insurance”

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Funeral Trust is an Option for Final Expenses

July 14, 2022

A funeral trust is an option for final expenses. A funeral trust is an inter vivos trust created by an individual, while alive, with the objective of covering final expenses associated with future funeral arrangements.

Anyone competent and of legal age can set up a funeral trust. Family members can open a trust for immediate family members, such as parents, siblings, spouses, children, or stepchildren.

Bank Rate’s recent article entitled “The pros and cons of funeral trusts” advises to first choose a reputable funeral home provider.

You can accomplish this by looking at online reviews or use local word of mouth recommendations to find the top funeral home provider with a good reputation.

Funeral trusts are also sold through insurance companies, in which case they’re typically funded with single-premium whole life insurance. Next, see how much your funeral will cost and check the funeral cost limitations set by your state.

You can then compare the various methods of funding a prepaid funeral trust. Cash, savings bond, CD’s, payment plans, or final expense insurance (burial life insurance) may be used to fund a prepaid trust.

Consider consulting an elder law attorney. He or she can help consumers understand the legalities and tax requirements involved in funeral trusts.

You then need to confirm that proceeds from the trust will be accepted as payment. If the funeral home you selected won’t accept the funds from the trust as payment for services, your family could be left confused and frustrated after your death.

Ask an elder law attorney about relocation regulations before opening your funeral trust. You should confirm that if you move across state lines, the trust can be changed to the new state. If you relocate, be certain that you change the trustee and beneficiary to the new funeral home you’ll use.

Make certain that family members are aware of your plans. You can provide your executor and all your heirs with a copy of the trust, as well as contact information for the funeral home and the beneficiary if different.

You then need appoint an independent trustee, who will audit the funeral bill for reasonableness and pay any excess to the family.

Finally, don’t forget to fund the trust. A funeral trust is an option for final expenses, but only if it is properly funded. If you would like to learn more about funeral planning, and additional issues related to probate, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Bank Rate (Feb. 8, 2021) “The pros and cons of funeral trusts”

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Category: Funeral Planning

Grandparents Raising Grandchildren need Specialized Estate Planning

Important Steps to take After the Passing of a Spouse

Choosing an Executor can be a Difficult Decision

Finding a Missing Heir can be Challenging

Irrevocable Funeral Trust helps Families with expenses

There are Burial Benefits Available to Veterans

Burial Insurance can give you Peace of Mind

Funeral Trust is an Option for Final Expenses

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